By Layal Abou Rahal

BEIRUT – Islamist-led rebels captured the central Syrian city of Hama on Thursday (5) in a new blow to President Bashar al-Assad’s forces days after they lost the country’s commercial hub Aleppo.

The rebels led by Islamist group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) launched their offensive little more than a week ago, just as a ceasefire took hold between Israel and Assad’s ally Hezbollah in Lebanon.

Following overnight clashes, the rebels stormed Hama “from several sides” and engaged in street battles with Assad’s forces, Britain-based war monitor, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, said.

The rebels later announced “the complete liberation of the city of Hama”, in a message on the rebels’ Telegram channel.

The army admitted losing control of the city, strategically located between Aleppo and Assad’s seat of power in Damascus.

“Over the past few hours, with the intensification of confrontations between our soldiers and terrorist groups… these groups were able to breach a number of axes in the city and entered it,” the army said in a statement, adding units had regrouped outside Hama.

Aron Lund, a fellow of the Century International think tank, called the loss of Hama “a massive, massive blow to the Syrian government” because the army should have had an advantage there to reverse rebel gains “and they couldn’t do it.”

United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said the flare-up in Syria reflects “the bitter fruits of a chronic collective failure of previous de-escalation arrangements”.

In a video posted online, HTS leader Abu Mohammed al-Jolani said his fighters had entered Hama to “cleanse the wound that has endured in Syria for 40 years”, referring to a crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood in 1982, which led to thousands of deaths.

“I ask God almighty that it be a conquest with no revenge,” he added.

In a later message on Telegram congratulating “the people of Hama on their victory,” he used his real name, Ahmed al-Sharaa, instead of his nom de guerre for the first time.

The rapid fall of the city came despite shelling and strikes by the Syrian and Russian air forces, as reported by state media late Wednesday (4).

Maya, a 22-year-old student who gave only her first name for security concerns, said earlier Thursday that she and her family were staying at home as the fighting raged outside.

“We have been hearing non-stop the sounds of explosions and shelling,” she told AFP by telephone from Hama.

– Fierce fighting –

The Observatory, which relies on a network of sources inside Syria, says 826 people, mostly combatants but also including 111 civilians, have been killed in Syria since the violence erupted last week.

It marks the most intense fighting since 2020 in the civil war sparked by the repression of pro-democracy protests in 2011.

Key to the rebels’ successes since the start of the offensive last week was the takeover of Aleppo, which in more than a decade of war had never entirely fallen out of government hands.

While the advancing rebels met little resistance earlier in their offensive, the fighting around Hama has been especially fierce.

The Observatory reported 222 people killed in Hama province since Tuesday evening, four of them civilians.

Assad ordered a 50-percent raise in career soldiers’ pay, state news agency SANA reported, as he seeks to bolster his forces for a counteroffensive.

Rebels drove back the Syrian armed forces despite the government’s sending in “large military convoys”, the Observatory said.

– Risk of ‘abuses’ –

The rebels launched their offensive in northern Syria on November 27, the same day a ceasefire took effect in the war between Israel and Hezbollah in neighbouring Lebanon.

Both Hezbollah and Russia have been crucial backers of Assad’s government, but have been mired in their own conflicts in recent years.

Hezbollah leader Naim Qassem said Thursday that his group’s fighters “will be by Syria’s side in thwarting the goals of this aggression as much as we can”.

The United Nations said on Wednesday that 115,000 people had been “newly displaced across Idlib and northern Aleppo” by the fighting.

Human Rights Watch warned the fighting “raises concerns that civilians face a real risk of serious abuses at the hands of opposition armed groups and the Syrian government”.

Until last week, the war in Syria had been mostly dormant for years, but analysts have said the violence was bound to flare up as it was never truly resolved.

HTS is rooted in Syria’s Al-Qaeda branch.

The group has sought to moderate its image in recent years, but experts say it faces a challenge convincing Western governments it has fully renounced hardline jihadism.

The United States maintains hundreds of troops in eastern Syria as part of a coalition formed against Islamic State group jihadists.

Lund, the analyst, said HTS will now try to push further south towards Syria’s third largest city, Homs.

The Observatory war monitor said “more than 200 military vehicles withdrew” from Hama towards Homs, around 40 kilometres (25 miles) to its south.

-Agence France-Presse