The Lateran Treaty, one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, a set of agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emanuel III and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI, to settle the long-standing Roman Question was ratified on this day in 1929 by the Italian Parliament recognizing Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See. In 1948, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of Italy as regulating the relations between the state and the Catholic Church. Approximately 110 acres in size the City has a population of around 800 and is ruled by the Bishop of Rome — the Pope. It also includes most of the area of St. Peter’s Square. The Euro is the official currency of Vatican City with coins issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State featuring the effigy on the current pope on all coins.
– thepeoplehistory.com