November 1 in History
1993 – The Maastricht Treaty takes effect, formally establishing the European Union.
The Maastricht Treaty, concluded in 1992 between the twelve Member States of the European Communities, is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU). Formally the Treaty on European Union, it announced “a new stage in the process of European integration, chiefly in provisions for a shared European citizenship, for the eventual introduction of a single currency, and (with less precision) for common foreign and security policies.